Do photographers have a First Amendment right to choose what they photogr...
DavidEBernstein at aol.com
DavidEBernstein at aol.com
Thu Apr 10 10:10:54 PDT 2008
With regard to unmarried heterosexuals as in Swanner, not only is there no
compelling government interest in preventing commercial discrimination, the
government actually arguably has an interest in encouraging such discrimination
in order to promote the social benefits of marriage, as it does in many
ways. Meanwhile, "Elane" didn't refuse commerce with gays, she refused to
photograph a gay commitment ceremony. A blanket refusal to accept gay clients
regardless of subject matter would raise somewhat distinct issues.
In a message dated 4/10/2008 1:06:17 PM Eastern Daylight Time,
crossf at mail.utexas.edu writes:
I would think no individual case would be compelling, but the question is
whether government has a compelling interest in prohibiting commercial
discrimination against gays (or blacks, jews, etc.)
At 11:15 AM 4/10/2008, DavidEBernstein at aol.com wrote:
Yes, they should, normatively. Is this a First Amendment right? Not under
current freedom of expression doctrine, nor under Smith for religious freedom,
but it should be protected under state RFRAs, as the state has no compelling
interest in requiring any given caterer, florist, or anyone else to work at
any particular wedding (though there are precedents out there holding that
things that I wouldn't even say are minimally important government interests
are constitutionally compelling for state free exercise purposes, as in the
Swanner case in Alaska in which the state supreme court held that forcing a
religious landlord to rent to an unmarried heterosexual couple was a "compelling
state interest.")
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