Congressional Authority over Immigration and Naturalization

[JMHACLJ at aol.com]

What are the constitutional dimensions of the plenary authority of Congress  
over immigration and naturalization?  How does the Fourteenth Amendment  play 
into the definition of those dimensions?
 
Could Congress, assuming veto proof majorities or approval by the  President, 
pass a law imposing ANY conditions whatever on naturalization?  
 
For example, taking and passing a civics exam in the English  language?  
 
Or, for example, could Congress limit naturalization to (1) an age group,  
for example, persons aged 21 or older, (2) a single gender (pretend we're  
Australia and we have too many men and not enough women), (3) a category of  races 
or national origins that included some and excluded others?
 
Jim Henderson
Senior Counsel
ACLJ
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