Iraqi constitutionalism (one day, Iraqi time, to go)

Bob Sheridan bobsheridan at earthlink.net
Sun Aug 14 11:59:03 PDT 2005


One of the American attorneys working on the Japanese draft constitution 
under MacArthur was a woman who pushed for an equal-rights-for-women 
provision; she nagged and won an "Oh, all right if you insist" sort of 
capitulation.  She was recently honored in Japan for the good this did, 
which was apparently considerable.  I don't know whether Japanese 
culture had a previous developing theme favoring an improvement in the 
status of women, but I doubt it; female subservience had been the rule, 
I believe. 

Once you provide a right and it develops a democratic consituency, 
you're in for a new world, it seems, and efforts to remove it, once 
embraced by those most closely affected, are going to be a whole new 
problem. 

We seem to think here that rights once granted can be easily taken back 
by changing the composition of the Court. 

I wonder. 

Equal rights for women here were also provided for, or rather acquiesced 
in, in a backhanded way.  The provision against sex descrimination was 
inserted into the (I believe) Civil Rights Act/1964 by an opponent as a 
sure deal killer in the expectation that it would be laughed off as too 
silly, or too dangerous, to contemplate, as I recall, as in "You want to 
give equal rights to racial minorities?  Why not women as long as you're 
at it, ha, ha, ha."

rs



Mary Dudziak wrote:

> Yes, there was a continuing occupation.  I don't believe it was 
> contemplated that self-government would immediately follow.  But the 
> constitution was a crucial part of the path toward self-government b/c 
> of its prohibition on the use of armed force.  Also, Mark Tushnet is 
> absolutely right to point out that there were previous liberal 
> constitutional traditions in Japan, and that's an important part of 
> the story.   As I understand it -- and please correct me if I'm wrong 
> -- the earlier history is thought to be important to the 
> constitution's durability over time, in spite of the rather 
> undemocratic nature of its adoption.  But in contemporary Japanese 
> constitutional politics, one argument reformers will make for change 
> is that the constitution is illegitimate b/c it was the product of 
> occupation.  I don't know how widespread or how convincing these sorts 
> of arguments are.
>
> Mary
>
> At 08:38 AM 8/14/2005, Paul Finkelman wrote:
>
>> Mary clearly you know more about this than I do, and I am on the road 
>> and cannot do any research, but my recollection was that the US 
>> continued to run Japan until 1949 and so any "constitution" would not 
>> have had much affect on running the country. Please correct this if 
>> wrong.
>> paul finkelman
>>
>> Mary Dudziak wrote:
>>
>>> I've only dipped in occasionally on these posts, so sorry if this 
>>> has been gone over before.  To answer Lynne's question re: Japan, 
>>> Gen. Douglas MacArthur gave his U.S. Army staff a week to write a 
>>> constitution for Japan, which was then given to the Japanese, who 
>>> were pressured by the U.S. to adopt it.  This is discussed 
>>> beautifully in John Dower, Embracing Defeat:  Japan in the Wake of 
>>> World War II.  So -- yes, there was a short time limit, but for 
>>> other more glaring reasons, the experience in Japan is not what we 
>>> want to repeat in Iraq.
>>>
>>> Mary Dudziak
>>>
>>> At 05:53 PM 8/13/2005, Lynne Henderson wrote:
>>>
>>>> Again, I ask a question I have asked earlier--did we set time 
>>>> limits on Japan and Germany in writing their constitutions after 
>>>> WWII? (These seem to me to be the most comparable, as  the U.S. was 
>>>> victorious  and occupying at least part of  the countries 
>>>> involved),   The Germans certainly had some experience with a 
>>>> written constitution and may have been up to speed, but for the 
>>>> Japanese, a constitution in the Western sense was a new concept and 
>>>> way of thinking.  It is ironic that our government seems ot think 
>>>> "democracy", "freedom," and constitutions just are obvious to 
>>>> anyone and easily accomplished.
>>>> Respectfully, I don't think publicity has much to do with  the 
>>>> problems in drafting an Iraqi consttitution--unless there is far 
>>>> more coverage of the negotiations in the Iraqi press than I am 
>>>> aware of. (Although perhaps the return to religious law and its 
>>>> implications for women has caused problems, and an analogy might be 
>>>> drawn to our own founder's eliding the issue of slavery, the real 
>>>> issues--women's issues are *never* decisive  in history thus 
>>>> far--are "federalism" and the power of the Kurds and Shi'ites over 
>>>> the the Sunni and economy . . . .) The coverage in this country  
>>>> hasn't exactly been prominent, except for brief mentions of the 
>>>> President said X, the US said Y , the ambassador is pressuring and 
>>>> making suggestions, etc.
>>>>
>>>> Lynne Henderson
>>>>
>>>> Prof. Lynne Henderson
>>>>
>>>> On Aug 13, 2005, at 4:17 PM, guayiya wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> I am reminded of Madison's remark that had the Convention not been 
>>>>> secret, no Constitution would have emerged.  Are the media and our 
>>>>> gossip making a Founding myth impossible?
>>>>> Daniel Hoffman
>>>>>
>>>>> Sanford Levinson wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> From tomorrow's New York Times.  Again, I ask why the US 
>>>>>> considers Monday a "sacred" date.  Is it because of 1) a sober 
>>>>>> belief that it is truly best for the Iraqis to rush toward some 
>>>>>> gerry-built incomplete "constitution" or 2) the deserate desire 
>>>>>> of the Bush Administration to declare that "progress is being 
>>>>>> made"?  Unfortunately, I view this as a rhetorical question.  
>>>>>> Does anyone seriously believe that 1) is the correct answer?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> sandy
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>
>>>> <br>
>>>> <div>_______________________________________________</div>
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>>>
>>>
>>> Mary L. Dudziak
>>> Judge Edward J. and Ruey L. Guirado Professor of Law, History and 
>>> Political Science
>>> University of Southern California Law School
>>> Los Angeles, CA   90089-0071
>>> phone:  213.740.4789
>>> fax:  213.740.5502
>>> e-mail:  mdudziak at law.usc.edu <mailto:mdudziak at law.usc.edu>
>>>
>>>
>>>_______________________________________________
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>>
>>
>>
>>-- 
>>Paul Finkelman
>>Chapman Distinguished Professor of Law
>>University of Tulsa College of Law
>>3120 East 4th Place
>>Tulsa, OK  74105
>>
>>918-631-3706
>>(voice)    
>>        
>>918-631-2194 (fax)
>>
>>Paul-Finkelman at utulsa.edu <mailto:Paul-Finkelman at utulsa.edu>
>>
>>    
>>
> Mary L. Dudziak
> Judge Edward J. and Ruey L. Guirado Professor of Law, History and 
> Political Science
> University of Southern California Law School
> Los Angeles, CA   90089-0071
> phone:  213.740.4789
> fax:  213.740.5502
> e-mail:  mdudziak at law.usc.edu
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
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